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Role of steroid sulfatase in steroid homeostasis and characterization of the sulfated steroid pathway: Evidence from steroid sulfatase deficiency
- Source :
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 437:142-153
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2016.
-
Abstract
- The impact of steroid sulfatase (STS) activity in the circulating levels of both sulfated and unconjugated steroids is only partially known. In addition, the sulfated steroid pathway, a parallel pathway to the one for unconjugated steroids, which uses the same enzymes, has never been characterized in detail before. Patients with steroid sulfatase deficiency (STSD) are unable to enzymatically convert sulfated steroids into their unconjugated forms, and are a good model to elucidate how STS affects steroid biosynthesis and to study the metabolism of sulfated steroids. We quantified unconjugated and sulfated steroids in STSD serum, and compared these results with data obtained from serum of healthy controls. Most sulfated steroids were increased in STSD. However, androstenediol-3-sulfate and epiandrosterone sulfate showed similar levels in both groups, and the concentrations of androsterone sulfate were notably lower. Hydroxylated forms of DHEAS and of pregnenolone sulfate were found to be increased in STSD, suggesting a mechanism to improve the excretion of sulfated steroids. STSD testosterone concentrations were normal, but cholesterol and DHEA were significantly decreased. Additionally, serum bile acids were three-fold higher in STSD. Correlations between concentrations of steroids in each group indicate that 17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone-3-sulfate in men is mainly biosynthesized from the precursor pregnenolone sulfate and androstenediol-3-sulfate from DHEAS. These findings confirm the coexistence of two steroidogenic pathways: one for unconjugated steroids and another one for sulfated steroids. Each pathway is responsible for the synthesis of specific steroids. The equal levels of testosterone, and the reduced level of unconjugated precursors in STSD, support that testosterone is primarily synthesized from sulfated steroids. In consequence, testosterone synthesis in STSD relies on an enzyme with sulfatase activity other than STS. This study reveals that STS is a key player of steroid biosynthesis regulating the availability of circulating cholesterol.
- Subjects :
- Adult
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty
Ichthyosis, X-Linked
Adolescent
medicine.medical_treatment
Dehydroepiandrosterone
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Steroid biosynthesis
Biochemistry
Steroid
Estradiol Dehydrogenases
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Endocrinology
Internal medicine
medicine
Steroid sulfatase
Homeostasis
Humans
Child
Molecular Biology
Testosterone
Aged
Sulfates
Chemistry
Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase
Middle Aged
Androsterone Sulfate
030104 developmental biology
Case-Control Studies
Child, Preschool
Pregnenolone
Steroids
Steryl-Sulfatase
Pregnenolone sulfate
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 03037207
- Volume :
- 437
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....8124bda399900a905e1f08400665fb27