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The identification of non-driving activities with associated implication on the take-over process
- Source :
- Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 1; Pages: 42, Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 42, p 42 (2022)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2021.
-
Abstract
- In conditionally automated driving, the engagement of non-driving activities (NDAs) can be regarded as the main factor that affects the driver's take-over performance, the investigation of which is of great importance to the design of an intelligent human-machine interface for a safe and smooth control transition. This paper introduces a 3D convolutional neural network-based system to recognize six types of driver behaviour (four types of NDAs and two types of driving activities) through two video feeds based on head and hand movement. Based on the interaction of driver and object, the selected NDAs are divided into active mode and passive mode. The proposed recognition system achieves 85.87% accuracy for the classification of six activities. The impact of NDAs on the perspective of the driver's situation awareness and take-over quality in terms of both activity type and interaction mode is further investigated. The results show that at a similar level of achieved maximum lateral error, the engagement of NDAs demands more time for drivers to accomplish the control transition, especially for the active mode NDAs engagement, which is more mentally demanding and reduces drivers' sensitiveness to the driving situation change. Moreover, the haptic feedback torque from the steering wheel could help to reduce the time of the transition process, which can be regarded as a productive assistance system for the take-over process. Published version This research was supported by Cranfield’s EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account EP/R511511/1.
- Subjects :
- Automobile Driving
level 3 automation
Chemical technology
Accidents, Traffic
Recognition, Psychology
TP1-1185
Awareness
Biochemistry
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Article
Analytical Chemistry
non-driving related activity (NDRA) classification
Automation
3D CNN
situation awareness
take-over transition
Electrical and electronic engineering [Engineering]
Humans
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Instrumentation
Non-Driving Related Activity Classification
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 1; Pages: 42, Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 42, p 42 (2022)
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....817278cb96169d855c5100d0ce29b457