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Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for cancer therapy
- Source :
- Molecular & Cellular Oncology
- Publication Year :
- 2014
- Publisher :
- Informa UK Limited, 2014.
-
Abstract
- Macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is a highly conserved mechanism for the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components. Autophagy is critical for the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis, both in baseline conditions and in the context of adaptive responses to stress. In line with this notion, defects in the autophagic machinery have been etiologically associated with various human disorders including infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Once tumors are established, however, autophagy sustains the survival of malignant cells, hence representing an appealing target for the design of novel anticancer regimens. Accordingly, inhibitors of autophagy including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been shown to mediate substantial antineoplastic effects in preclinical models, especially when combined with chemo- or radiotherapeutic interventions. The pharmacological profile of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, however, appear to involve mechanisms other than autophagy inhibition. Here, we discuss the dual role of autophagy in oncogenesis and tumor progression, and summarize the results or design of clinical studies recently completed or initiated to evaluate the therapeutic activity of chloroquine derivatives in cancer patients.
- Subjects :
- Cancer Research
Autophagy
beclin 1
Cancer
Context (language use)
Hydroxychloroquine
Review
Biology
Pharmacology
medicine.disease
medicine.disease_cause
lysosomes
proteasome
Chloroquine
Tumor progression
bafilomycin A1
mTOR
medicine
Molecular Medicine
autophagosomes
Carcinogenesis
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 23723556
- Volume :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecular & Cellular Oncology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....81d4cc72ca92ce35fccfc9e97a132d51