The economic burden of heart failure in Denmark from 1998 to 2016

Background Heart failure (HF) imposes a large burden on both the individual and the society. The aim of this study was to investigate the economic burden (either direct or indirect costs) attributed to patients with HF before, at, and after time of diagnosis. Methods and results Using Danish nationwide registries we identified all patients > 18 years with a first-time diagnosis of HF from 1998-2016 and matched them 1:1 with a control group from the background population on age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The economic analysis of the total costs after diagnosis was based on direct costs including hospitalization, procedures, medication, and indirect costs including social welfare and lost productivity to estimate the annual cost of HF. A total of 176 067 HF patients with a median age of 76 (interquartile range 67-84) years and 55% male were included. Patients with HF incurred an average of €17 039 in total annual direct (€11 926) and indirect (€5113) healthcare costs peaking at year of diagnosis compared to €5936 in the control group with the majority attributable to inpatient admissions. The total annual net costs including public transfer after index HF were €11 957 higher in patients with HF compared to controls and the economic consequences were evident more than 2 years prior to the diagnosis of HF. Conclusion Patients with HF impose significantly higher total annual healthcare costs compared to a matched control group with findings evident more than 2 years prior to HF diagnosis.