Pneumatosis intestinalis after thoracic organ transplantation in children: A case series and review of the literature

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare complication after thoracic organ transplantation. There are several theories for explaining the pathophysiology of this disease. In this paper, we highlight three cases of PI in a single pediatric center, one after lung transplantation and two after heart transplantation. Although the presentations differed, all cases improved with non-surgical therapies. There are not many articles in the pediatric literature about post-transplantation PI, and there are still many questions regarding the incidence, etiology, and treatment for this disease.