Nanoengineered material based biosensing electrodes for enzymatic biofuel cells applications

In the last few decades, biofuel cells have been explored extensively as an emerging technology and achieved the status of critical research endeavours among the intellectual communities working on power crisis across the world. The researchers around the globe are concentrating on harnessing the unique atomic and molecular properties of advance engineered materials, including nanotubes, nanosheets, nanoparticles and conducting polymers, on account of their capability to aid in the generation of efficient electricity from biological substrates using numerous biocatalysts. Because of the enhancement of nanotechnology, substantial milestones have been achieved in the realm of the biofuel cell, even though it is still challenging to uphold the performance of these cells. Implementation of nano materials and conducting polymers for biofuel cell assembly has been widely anticipated as an effective and capable approach to attain high power generation. In this review, we have documented the relevant and exciting methodologies used in the development of the enzyme based biofuel cells (EBC), focused on glucose as biofuel, using different nano materials utilized for EBC and emphasized the revolutions in this field. Every aspect of biofuel cell system including the fundamentals, charge transfer as well as the role of nano materials and conducting polymers in matrix development of electrode materials and its fabrication has been elucidated. To summarize the latest trend an extensive table has been incorporated including bio-sensing electrode, the enzymatic system mediator and output power density. Keywords: Biosensing electrodes, Glucose biofuel cells, Nano materials, Nanotubes, Graphene, Conducting polymers