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Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Evernic Acid in an MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Model

Authors :
Yeon Ji Suh
Seulah Lee
Seung-Cheol Chang
Jae-Seoun Hur
Akihito Ishigami
Hangun Kim
Dong Geun Hong
Jaewon Lee
Seonguk Yang
Source :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 2098, p 2098 (2021), International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 4
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), which suggests that anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory compounds might provide an alternative treatment for PD. Here, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of evernic aid (EA), which was screened from a lichen library provided by the Korean Lichen Research Institute at Sunchon National University. EA is a secondary metabolite generated by lichens, including Ramalina, Evernia, and Hypogymnia, and several studies have described its anticancer, antifungal, and antimicrobial effects. However, the neuroprotective effects of EA have not been studied. We found that EA protected primary cultured neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium (MPP+)-induced cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress, and effectively reduced MPP+-induced astroglial activation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. In vivo, EA ameliorated MPTP-induced motor dysfunction, dopaminergic neuronal loss, and neuroinflammation in the nigrostriatal pathway in C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that EA has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in PD models and suggest that EA is a potential therapeutic candidate for PD.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16616596 and 14220067
Volume :
22
Issue :
2098
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....84d7f200f2bd13db04939eabcc66dc3e