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Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Evernic Acid in an MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Model
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 2098, p 2098 (2021), International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 4
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), which suggests that anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory compounds might provide an alternative treatment for PD. Here, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of evernic aid (EA), which was screened from a lichen library provided by the Korean Lichen Research Institute at Sunchon National University. EA is a secondary metabolite generated by lichens, including Ramalina, Evernia, and Hypogymnia, and several studies have described its anticancer, antifungal, and antimicrobial effects. However, the neuroprotective effects of EA have not been studied. We found that EA protected primary cultured neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium (MPP+)-induced cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress, and effectively reduced MPP+-induced astroglial activation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. In vivo, EA ameliorated MPTP-induced motor dysfunction, dopaminergic neuronal loss, and neuroinflammation in the nigrostriatal pathway in C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that EA has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in PD models and suggest that EA is a potential therapeutic candidate for PD.
- Subjects :
- Male
Parkinson's disease
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Nigrostriatal pathway
Apoptosis
Pharmacology
medicine.disease_cause
neuroinflammation
lcsh:Chemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
Hydroxybenzoates
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Spectroscopy
Cells, Cultured
MPTP
Dopaminergic
NF-kappa B
Parkinson Disease
General Medicine
evernic acid
Computer Science Applications
Mitochondria
medicine.anatomical_structure
Neuroprotective Agents
neuroprotection
Signal Transduction
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
Lichens
Motor Activity
Neuroprotection
Catalysis
Article
Inorganic Chemistry
In vivo
medicine
Animals
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Molecular Biology
Neuroinflammation
Dopaminergic Neurons
Organic Chemistry
medicine.disease
anti-inflammation
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Disease Models, Animal
Oxidative Stress
chemistry
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
Astrocytes
Parkinson’s disease
Oxidative stress
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16616596 and 14220067
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 2098
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....84d7f200f2bd13db04939eabcc66dc3e