Energy Management Strategy for Optimal Sizing and Siting of PVDG-BES Systems under Fixed and Intermittent Load Consumption Profile

Advances in PV technology have given rise to the increasing integration of PV-based distributed generation (PVDG) systems into distribution systems to mitigate the dependence on one power source and alleviate the global warming caused by traditional power plants. However, high power output coming from intermittent PVDG can create reverse power flow, which can cause an increase in system power losses and a distortion in the voltage profile. Therefore, the appropriate placement and sizing of a PVDG coupled with an energy storage system (ESS) to stock power during off-peak hours and to inject it during peak hours are necessary. Within this context, a new methodology based on an optimal power flow management strategy for the optimal allocation and sizing of PVDG systems coupled with battery energy storage (PVDG-BES) systems is proposed in this paper. To do this, this problem is formulated as an optimization problem where total real power losses are considered as the objective function. Thereafter, a new optimization technique combining a genetic algorithm with various chaotic maps is used to find the optimal PVDG-BES placement and size. To test the robustness and applicability of the proposed methodology, various benchmark functions and the IEEE 14-bus distribution network under fixed and intermittent load profiles are used. The simulation results prove that obtaining the optimal size and placement of the PVDG-BES system based on an optimal energy management strategy (EMS) presents better performance in terms of power losses reduction and voltage profile amelioration. In fact, the total system losses are reduced by 20.14% when EMS is applied compared with the case before integrating PVDG-BES.