PHYSIOLOGY AND CAUSES OF RETENTION OF FETAL MEMBRANE IN DAIRY COWS: AN OVERVIEW

Cows affected with retained placenta are at a higher risk of developing puerperal metritis. Retained fetal membranes (RFM) in cattle have adverse effect on fertility and production. Understanding the pathophysiology and causes of RFM is important for managing this disease. The hormonal processes that lead to normal placental expulsion or the separation are multifactorial and begin before parturition. A variety of risk factor, including early or induced parturition, dystocia, hormonal imbalance, and immunosuppression can interrupt these normal processes and result in retention of the placenta. Current research does not support the efficacy of much commonly practiced treatment for RFM. Systematic administration of antibiotics can be beneficial for the treating metritis after RFM, but antibiotic administration has not been shown to significantly improve future reproduction in the cows with RFM. The Polyherbal oral therapy is protects cattle from puerperal disease and enhance placental release after delivery. Herbal therapy is not costly and it having the minimum side effect. Herbal remedies bear a high potential to treat postpartum uterine diseases in cows. Various herbs are reported to for retention of fetal membrane. Key Words: Cattle, placental detachment, Causes.