Long-term incidence and prognostic factors of the progression of new coronary lesions in Japanese coronary artery disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention

Revascularization of an initially non-target site due to its progression as a new culprit lesion has emerged as a new therapeutic target of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the era of drug-eluting stents. Using the Shinken database, a single-hospital-based cohort, we aimed to clarify the incidence and prognostic factors for progression of previously non-significant coronary portions after prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Japanese CAD patients. We selected from the Shinken database a single-hospital-based cohort of Japanese patients (n = 15227) who visited the Cardiovascular Institute between 2004 and 2010 to undergo PCI. This study included 1,214 patients (median follow-up period, 1,032 ± 704 days). Additional clinically driven PCI to treat previously non-significant lesions was performed in 152 patients. The cumulative rate of new-lesion PCI was 9.5 % at 1 year, 14.4 % at 3 years, and 17.6 % at 5 years. There was no difference in background clinical characteristics between patients with and without additional PCI. Prevalence of multi-vessel disease (MVD) (82 vs. 57 %, p