Genetic polymorphisms associated with the risk of concussion in 1056 college athletes: a multicentre prospective cohort study

Background/aimTo evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms APOE,APOEG-219T promoter, microtubule associated protein(MAPT)/tauexon 6 Ser53Pro, MAPT/tauHist47Tyr,IL-6572 G/C andIL-6RAsp358Alawith the risk of concussion in college athletes.MethodsA 23-centre prospective cohort study of 1056 college athletes with genotyping was completed between August 2003 and December 2012. All athletes completed baseline medical and concussion questionnaires, and post-concussion data were collected for athletes with a documented concussion.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 1056 athletes of mean±SD age 19.7±1.5 years,89.3% male, 59.4% Caucasian, 35.0% African-American, 5.6% other race. The athletes participated in American football, soccer, basketball, softball, men’s wrestling and club rugby. A total of 133 (12.1% prevalence) concussions occurred during an average surveillance of 3 years per athlete. We observed a significant positive association betweenIL-6RCC (p=0.001) and a negative association betweenAPOE4 (p=0.03) and the risk of concussion. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis showed a significant association betweenIL-6RCC and concussion (OR 3.48; 95% CI 1.58 to 7.65; p=0.002) and between the APOE4 allele and concussion (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.96; p=0.04), which persisted after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsIL-6RCC was associated with a three times greater concussion risk andAPOE4 with a 40% lower risk.