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Brown Spider (Loxosceles) Venom Toxins as Potential Biotools for the Development of Novel Therapeutics

Brown Spider (Loxosceles) Venom Toxins as Potential Biotools for the Development of Novel Therapeutics

Authors :
Elidiana de Bona
Luiza Helena Gremski
Olga Meiri Chaim
Vanessa Ribeiro Heidemann
Silvio Sanches Veiga
Raghuvir K. Arni
Fernando Hitomi Matsubara
Clara Guerra-Duarte
Andrea Senff-Ribeiro
Zelinda Schemczssen-Graeff
Daniele Chaves-Moreira
Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
Source :
Toxins, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 355 (2019), Toxins, vol 11, iss 6
Publication Year :
2019
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2019.

Abstract

Brown spider envenomation results in dermonecrosis with gravitational spreading characterized by a marked inflammatory reaction and with lower prevalence of systemic manifestations such as renal failure and hematological disturbances. Several toxins make up the venom of these species, and they are mainly peptides and proteins ranging from 5–40 kDa. The venoms have three major families of toxins: phospholipases-D, astacin-like metalloproteases, and the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) peptides. Serine proteases, serpins, hyaluronidases, venom allergens, and a translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) are also present. Toxins hold essential biological properties that enable interactions with a range of distinct molecular targets. Therefore, the application of toxins as research tools and clinical products motivates repurposing their uses of interest. This review aims to discuss possibilities for brown spider venom toxins as putative models for designing molecules likely for therapeutics based on the status quo of brown spider venoms. Herein, we explore new possibilities for the venom components in the context of their biochemical and biological features, likewise their cellular targets, three-dimensional structures, and mechanisms of action.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20726651
Volume :
11
Issue :
6
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Toxins
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....8872e6fcd99752166cb50bbcccbced55