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Nucleic Acid-Sensing Pathways During SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Expectations versus Reality
- Source :
- Journal of Inflammation Research
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Informa UK Limited, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people and crippled economies worldwide. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for this pandemic has triggered avid research on its pathobiology to better understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19. In the absence of approved antiviral therapeutic strategies or vaccine platforms capable of effectively targeting this global threat, the hunt for effective therapeutics has led to many candidates being actively evaluated for their efficacy in controlling or preventing COVID-19. In this review, we gathered current evidence on the innate nucleic acid-sensing pathways expected to be elicited by SARS-CoV-2 and the immune evasion mechanisms they have developed to promote viral replication and infection. Within the nucleic acid-sensing pathways, SARS-CoV-2 infection and evasion mechanisms trigger the activation of NOD-signaling and NLRP3 pathways leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, while muting or blocking cGAS-STING and interferon type I and III pathways, resulting in decreased production of antiviral interferons and delayed innate response. Therefore, blocking the inflammatory arm and boosting the interferon production arm of nucleic acid-sensing pathways could facilitate early control of viral replication and dissemination, prevent disease progression, and cytokine storm development. We also discuss the rationale behind therapeutic modalities targeting these sensing pathways and their implications in the treatment of COVID-19.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
cGAS-STING
Immunology
coronavirus
innate immune system
Review
medicine.disease_cause
Proinflammatory cytokine
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
NLRP3
Pandemic
nucleic acid sensing
Immunology and Allergy
Medicine
immune evasion
Coronavirus
Innate immune system
SARS-CoV-2
business.industry
COVID-19
medicine.disease
030104 developmental biology
Viral replication
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
business
Cytokine storm
Interferon type I
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 11787031
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Inflammation Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....887df64a8e76f22ebc55f9a7f6229455