Epidemiologic characteristics of cases with reinfection, recurrence, and hospital readmission due to COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Recent studies reported that some recovered COVID‐19 patients have tested positive for virus nucleic acid again. A systematic search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to March 6, 2021. The pooled estimation of reinfection, recurrence, and hospital readmission among recovered COVID‐19 patients was 3, 133, and 75 per 1000 patients, respectively. The overall estimation of reinfection among males compared to females was greater. The prevalence of recurrence in females compared to males was more common. Also, hospital readmission between sex groups was the same. There is uncertainty about long‐term immunity after SARS‐Cov‐2 infection. Thus, the possibility of reinfection and recurrence after recovery is not unexpected. In addition, there is a probability of hospital readmission due to adverse events of COVID‐19 after discharge. However, with mass vaccination of people and using the principles of prevention and appropriate management of the disease, frequent occurrence of the disease can be controlled.
Highlights The pooled estimation of re‐infection rate among recovered COVID‐19 patients was 3 per 1000 patients.The pooled estimation of recurrence rate among recovered COVID‐19 patients was 133 per 1000 patients.Hospital readmission among recovered COVID‐19 patients was 75 per 1000 patients.The possibility of re‐infection, recurrence and hospital readmission after recovery is not unexpected. Thus, adherence to principles of prevention besides vaccination is essential.