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Development of a phantom compatible for MRI and hyperthermia using carrageenan gel—relationship betweenT1andT2values and NaCl concentration
- Source :
- International Journal of Hyperthermia. 20:803-814
- Publication Year :
- 2004
- Publisher :
- Informa UK Limited, 2004.
-
Abstract
- The authors developed a phantom, designated as the CAGN phantom, compatible for MRI and hyperthermia that is useful in the fundamental studies of non-invasive MR thermometry. The ingredients of this phantom are carrageenan, GdCl3 as a T1 modifier, agarose as a T2 modifier, NaCl as a conductivity modifier, NaN3 as an antiseptic and distilled water. Another phantom that was developed, the CAG phantom, has relaxation times that are adjustable to those of any human tissue. To use this phantom for electromagnetic heating, NaCl was added to change the conductivity of the phantom and clarified the relationship between the conductivity and NaCl concentration. This study examined the relationship between relaxation times and NaCl concentration of the CAGN phantom. The results showed that both T1 and T2 values were affected by NaCl and the experimental results led to the empirical formulae expressing the relationship between the relaxation rates (1/T1, 1/T2) and the concentrations of GdCl3, agarose and NaCl. The appropriate concentrations of T1 and T2 modifiers were calculated from these empirical formulae when making a specified phantom that has the required relaxation times and NaCl concentration.
- Subjects :
- Hyperthermia
Cancer Research
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Materials science
Physiology
Gadolinium
Sodium Chloride
Conductivity
Carrageenan
Imaging phantom
chemistry.chemical_compound
Physiology (medical)
Intensive care
medicine
Humans
Sodium Azide
Phantoms, Imaging
business.industry
Sepharose
Relaxation (NMR)
Electric Conductivity
Water
Hyperthermia, Induced
equipment and supplies
medicine.disease
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
body regions
Distilled water
chemistry
Agarose
Nuclear medicine
business
Electromagnetic Phenomena
Algorithms
Biomedical engineering
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14645157 and 02656736
- Volume :
- 20
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Hyperthermia
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....8a9942aabf1de86e053217661cf8328b