Bulbophyllum refractum Reichenbach. A. Leafy 1861

4. B. refractum (Zollinger 1847: 456) Reichenbach (1861: 259), Seidenfaden (1970: 347), Averyanov (1994: 284), Seidenfaden (1992: 263). (Fig. 4). ≡ Cirrhopetalum refractum Zollinger 1847: 456. Type:— INDONESIA. Java, Zollinger, 2261 (G00165064 photo!). ≡ Phyllorkis refracta (Zollinger 1847: 456) Kuntze (1891: 677). ≡ Tripudianthes refracta (Zollinger 1847: 456) Szlachetko & Kras (2007: 96). Habitat and phenology: —Epiphyte on tall trees in primary evergreen broad-leaved forests. Flowering observed in December–February. Distribution: — Vietnam (Lam Dong, Gia Lai, Dak Nong, Binh Phuoc, Dien Bien provinces), Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Java and Sumatra. Proposed conservation status:—According to currently available data, B. refractum seems quite common in Vietnam. Due to attractive nature of flowers, the species is widely collected for trade. Based on the national EOO 148,826.741 km 2 and AOO 28.000 km 2, and in accordance with IUCN criteria (IUCN, 2022), the species should be assessed in Vietnam as VU B2ab(v). The verifiable data for this species’ conservation status outside Vietnam is not available. Note:—Common in Vietnam, with relatively large flowers having a large dorsal sepal. The species is sometime misidentified as B. kanburiense; the main differences is indicated under the note for B. kanburiense. The drawing of Pham Hoang Ho (1992: 844) named as B. refractum possibly based on specimens of Tixier 15 (P 00348218) having a very small dorsal sepal typical for B. wallichii. Studied specimens: — VIETNAM, Lam Dong Province, Annam: piste de Fyan, 1957, Tixier, 15 (P 00348218 photo!). VIETNAM, Gia Lai Province, 1987, Averyanov, LX-VN 2143a/190a (photos LE 01057662!, LE 01087253!). VIETNAM, Binh Phuoc Province, 2005, Averyanov et al., HLF 4932a (photos LE 01087116!). VIETNAM, Lam Dong Province, 2011, NPT 006 (photos LE 0105766!, LE 01070245!). VIETNAM, Lam Dong Province, 2018, Truong Ba Vuong, Ngo Quang Dang, BV 1035 (VNM 00043084!). VIETNAM, Gia Lai Province, Truong Ba Vuong, BV 1083 (VNM 00043085!). VIETNAM, Dak Nong Province, 2019, Averyanov, Nguyen Van Canh, T. Maisak, AL 1183.4 (photos LE 01067185!). VIETNAM, Dak Lak, 2019, Truong Ba Vuong, BV 532 (VNM 00043069!). VIETNAM, Lam Dong Province, 2021, Truong Ba Vuong, Ngo Quang Dang, BV 1046 (photos LE 01089814!, VNM 00043072!). VIETNAM, Dien Bien Province, 2023, Nguyen Sinh Khang, AL 2191 (photos LE 01123884!). INDONESIA, Java, 1844, Zollinger, 2261 (isotype P 00347107 photo!).
Published as part of Nguyen, Van Canh, Averyanov, Leonid V., Maisak, Tatiana V., Nguyen, Thi Lien Thuong, Nguyen, Van Khuong, Pham, Thi Thanh Dat, Nguyen, Danh Duc, Dang, Van Son, Aromyen, Warapong & Truong, Ba Vuong, 2023, The review of Bulbophyllum section Tripudianthes (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Vietnam with the description of new species, B. viridipallidum, pp. 59-68 in Phytotaxa 598 (1) on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.598.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7958804
{"references":["Zollinger, H. (1847) Orchidaee. In: Observationes phytographicae, praecipue genera et species nova nonnulla respicientes. Flora oder Botanische Zeitung: welche Recensionen, Abhandlungen, Aufsatze, Neuigkeiten und Nachrichten, die Botanik betreffend, enthalt 30: 456.","Reichenbach, H. G. (1861) Orchides. In: Mueller, C. (ed.) Synopsis plantarum phanerogamicarum novarum omnium. Walpers Annales Botanices Systematicae 6: 167 - 933.","Seidenfaden, G. (1970) Contributions to the Orchid Flora of Thailand II. Botanisk Tidsskrift 65 (4): 313 - 370.","Averyanov, L. V. (1994) Identification guide to Vietnamese orchids. World & family. Saint-Petersburg. 432 pp.","Seidenfaden, G. (1992) The Orchid of Indochina. Opera Botanica 114: 1 - 502.","Kuntze, O. (1891) Cirrhopetalum refracta. Revisio generum plantarum: vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum. Vol. 2. Leipzig. 1011 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 124064","Szlachetko, D. L. & Kras, M. (2007) Contribution a la revision generique de Bulbophyllinae (Epidendroideae) 5 - Tripudianthes (Seidenfaden). Richardiana 7: 94 - 96.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // nc. iucnredlist. org / redlist / content / attachment _ files / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 2 April 2023)"]}