Impact of Androgen Deprivation on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Nigerian Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy

PURPOSE Prostate cancer (CaP) incidence and mortality rate are increasing in Africa. Some have linked oxidative stress with the pathogenesis of cancer. This study assessed the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total plasma peroxide (TPP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Nigerian patients with CaP. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred twenty patients with CaP and 100 apparently healthy controls were consecutively recruited into this case-control study. The patients with CaP were divided into treatment-naïve and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)–treated groups. Anthropometric indices were measured, and MDA, NO, TAC, and TPP were assayed by colorimetric methods. The t test and analysis of variance were used in analysis of data; statistical significance was set at P < .05, and 95% CIs were reported. RESULTS The patients with CaP had significantly higher waist-hip ratios and NO ( P = .0001), TPP ( P = .001), oxidative stress index (OSI; P = .003), and MDA values ( P = .002) than controls. The treatment-naive patients with CaP had significantly higher waist-hip ratios ( P = .011) and TPP ( P = .013), MDA ( P = .011), and NO values ( P = .0001) and lower TAC values ( P = .013) compared with the controls. The ADT-treated patients had higher waist-hip ratios ( P = .0001) and TPP ( P = .005), OSI ( P = .005), MDA ( P = .011), and NO values ( P = .0001) than the controls. However, the treatment-naive patients had significantly higher NO values ( P = .05) only compared with the ADT-treated patients. There was a significantly positive correlation between MDA and duration of treatment ( r = 0.280, P = .018) in ADT-treated patients with CaP. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that patients with CaP have higher levels of TPP, MDA, and NO and lower levels of TAC compared with men without CaP. In addition, even in patients with CaP undergoing treatment, TPP and MDA levels remained high.