Longitudinal Digital Glucometric Benchmarking to Evaluate the Impact of Institutional Diabetes Care Initiatives in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus Over the 2016-2020 Period

Background: While glucometric benchmarking has been used to compare glucose management between institutions, the value of longitudinal intra-institution benchmarking to assess quality improvement changes is not established. Methods: A prospective six-month observational study (October 2019–March 2020 inclusive) of inpatients with diabetes or newly detected hyperglycemia admitted to eight medical and surgical wards at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Networked blood glucose (BG) meters were used to collect capillary BG levels. Outcomes were measures of glycemic control assessed by mean and threshold glucometric measures and comparison with published glucometric benchmarks. Intra-institution comparison was over the 2016-2020 period. Results: In all, 620 admissions (588 unique individuals) met the inclusion criteria, contributing 15 164 BG results over 4023 admission-days. Compared with the 2016 cohort from the same institution, there was increased BG testing (3.8 [SD = 2.2) vs 3.3 [SD = 1.7] BG measurements per patient-day, P < .001), lower mean patient-day mean glucose (PDMG; 8.9 mmol/L [SD = 3.2] vs 9.5 mmol/L [SD = 3.3], P < .001), and reduced mean and threshold measures of hyperglycemia ( P < .001 for all). Comparison with institutions across the United States revealed lower incidence of mean PDMG >13.9 or >16.7 mmol/L, and reduced hypoglycemia (Conclusions: Comprehensive digital-based glucometric benchmarking confirmed institutional quality improvement changes were followed by reduced hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in a five-year comparison. Longitudinal glucometric benchmarking enables evaluation and validation of changes to institutional diabetes care management practices.