Black-Phosphorus-Nanosheet-Reinforced Coating of Implants for Sequential Biofilm Ablation and Bone Fracture Healing Acceleration

Incurable implant-related infection may cause catastrophic consequences due to the existence of a biofilm that resists the infiltration of host immune cells and antibiotics. Innovative approaches inspired by nanomedicine, e.g., engineering innovative multifunctional bionic coating systems on the surface of implants, are becoming increasingly attractive. Herein, 2D black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) were loaded onto a hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated metal implant to construct a BPs@HA composite coating. With its photothermal conversion effect and