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Immobilized thrombin on X-ray radiopaque polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan embolic microspheres for precise localization and topical blood coagulation
- Source :
- Bioactive Materials, Vol 6, Iss 7, Pp 2105-2119 (2021), Bioactive Materials
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2021.
-
Abstract
- Trans-catheter arterial embolization (TAE) plays an important role in treating various diseases. The available embolic agents lack X-ray visibility and do not prevent the reflux phenomenon, thus hindering their application for TAE therapy. Herein, we aim to develop a multifunctional embolic agent that combines the X-ray radiopacity with local procoagulant activity. The barium sulfate nanoparticles (BaSO4 NPs) were synthesized and loaded into the polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) to prepare the radiopaque BaSO4/PVA/CS microspheres (MS). Thereafter, thrombin was immobilized onto the BaSO4/PVA/CS MS to obtain the thrombin@BaSO4/PVA/CS MS. The prepared BaSO4/PVA/CS MS were highly spherical with diameters ranging from 100 to 300 μm. In vitro CT imaging showed increased X-ray visibility of BaSO4/PVA/CS MS with the increased content of BaSO4 NPs in the PVA/CS MS. The biocompatibility assessments demonstrated that the MS were non-cytotoxic and possessed permissible hemolysis rate. The biofunctionalized thrombin@BaSO4/PVA/CS MS showed improved hemostatic capacity and facilitated hemostasis in vitro. Additionally, in vivo study performed on a rabbit ear embolization model confirmed the excellent X-ray radiopaque stability of the BaSO4/PVA/CS MS. Moreover, both the BaSO4/PVA/CS and thrombin@BaSO4/PVA/CS MS achieved superior embolization effects with progressive ischemic necrosis on the ear tissue and induced prominent ultrastructural changes in the endothelial cells. The findings of this study suggest that the developed MS could act as a radiopaque and hemostatic embolic agent to improve the embolization efficiency.<br />Graphical abstract Image 1<br />Highlights • Excellent in vitro and in vivo visibility of BaSO4/PVA/CS MS. • Excellent cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility of BaSO4/PVA/CS MS. • Enhanced hemostatic capacity and hemostasis of thrombin@BaSO4/PVA/CS MS. • Potential application of thrombin@BaSO4/PVA/CS MS for in vivo embolization.
- Subjects :
- Biocompatibility
Radiodensity
medicine.medical_treatment
0206 medical engineering
Biomedical Engineering
02 engineering and technology
Polyvinyl alcohol
BaSO4
Article
Biomaterials
Embolic Agent
Chitosan
chemistry.chemical_compound
Embolization
In vivo
Radiopacity
medicine
lcsh:TA401-492
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Coagulation
integumentary system
Chemistry
Arterial Embolization
Thrombin
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
020601 biomedical engineering
lcsh:Biology (General)
Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan
lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
0210 nano-technology
Biotechnology
Biomedical engineering
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Volume :
- 6
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Bioactive Materials
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....90e04bb565d641d30319daf7ad2e2bed