Impacto de la intervención de enfermería en el autocuidado de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada

espanolIntroduccion: Los pacientes con enfermedad renal cronica avanzada ven gravemente afectada su calidad de vida lo que a menudo puede implicar riesgo de muerte. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la intervencion de enfermeria en el autocuidado de pacientes con enfermedad renal cronica avanzada de un hospital publico. Material y Metodo: Estudio pre experimental de corte longitudinal y prospectivo. La muestra incluyo a 60 pacientes en estadios 3b, 4 y 5 de la enfermedad renal cronica, a quienes se aplico 3 tipos de cuestionario previamente validados, antes y despues de la intervencion de enfermeria que consistio en tres sesiones educativas y asesoramiento en consulta externa. Las tres dimensiones que se tomaron para la investigacion fueron: conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, autocuidados y adherencia farmacologica. Para el analisis de datos, en conocimiento se utilizo la prueba de Wilcoxon; en autocuidados, la prueba T de Student, y la prueba de McNemar para medir la adherencia. Para el procesamiento de resultados se utilizo el software SPSS v.20. Resultados: Tras la intervencion, el conocimiento sobre autocuidado se incremento hasta un 71,7%, con relacion al momento pre-intervencion. Igualmente, el nivel de autocuidado aumento tras la intervencion a 72%. Respecto a los adherentes al tratamiento farmacologico, antes de la intervencion eran el 5%, posteriormente se incremento hasta el 65%. Conclusion: La intervencion de enfermeria basada en actividades educativas y de asesoramiento produce un impacto positivo en el autocuidado de pacientes con enfermedad renal cronica avanzada. EnglishIntroduction: Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease have a severely affected quality of life, which can often imply the risk of death. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the nursing intervention in the self-care of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease in a public hospital. Material and Methods: Pre-experimental longitudinal and prospective study. The sample included 60 patients with stages 3b, 4 and 5 of chronic kidney disease. Three types of previously validated questionnaires were applied before and after the nursing intervention, which consisted of three educational sessions and outpatient counseling. The three dimensions that were taken for the research were: knowledge about the disease, self-care and pharmacological adherence. For data analysis, the Wilcoxon test was used in knowledge; in self-care, the Student's t test, and the Mcnemar test to measure adherence.For the processing of results, the SPSS v.20 software was used.ce. SPSS v.20 software was used to process the results. Results: After the intervention, knowledge about self-care increased to 71.7%, in relation to the pre-intervention moment. Likewise, the level of self-care increased after the intervention to 72%. Regarding those people who showed adherence to pharmacological treatment, before the intervention they were 5%, and later the percentage increased to 65%. Conclusion: The nursing intervention based on educational and counseling activities produces a positive impact on the self-care of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.