Leucocarbo chalconotus Foveaux

LEUCOCARBO CHALCONOTUS OTAGO SHAG GRACALUS CHALCONOTUS G. R. GRAY, 1845 Diagnosis. A species of Leucocarbo most closely related to L. stewarti and L. onslowi but distinguished from these species by the plumage characters and allometries outlined in Table 1. Distribution. Formerly the eastern South, NZ. Leucocarbo chalconotus bones have been recorded from Late Quaternary and archaeological deposits along the entire eastern coastline of South (e.g., Worthy, 1998 a; Smith, 2011). Now restricted to Otago from Lake Ki-Wainono to The Sisters (based on historical museum skins and modern specimens), with modern vagrants north to Banks Peninsula (see Fig. 1). Rare modern beach wrecks on Stewart (Rawlence et al., 2015).
Published as part of Nicolas J. Rawlence, R. Paul Scofield, Hamish G. Spencer, Chris Lalas, Luke J. Easton, Alan J. D. Tennyson, Mark Adams, Eric Pasquet, Cody Fraser, Jonathan M. Waters & Martyn Kennedy, 2016, Genetic and morphological evidence for two species of Leucocarbo shag (Aves, Pelecaniformes, Phalacrocoracidae) from southern South Island of New Zealand, pp. 676-694 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177 on page 687, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12376, http://zenodo.org/record/270312
{"references":["Gray GR. 1845. Birds. In: Richardson JE, Gray GR, eds. The Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, During the Years 1839 - 43. London: E. W. Janson, 1 - 20.","Worthy TH. 1998 a. A remarkable fossil and archaeological avifauna from Marfells Beach, Lake Grassmere, South Island, New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum 12: 79 - 176.","Smith IWG. 2011. Estimating the magnitude of pre-European Maori marine harvest in two New Zealand study areas. New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 82.","Rawlence NJ, Kennedy M, Anderson CNK, Till CE, Smith I, Scofield RP, Tennyson AJD, Hamel J, Lalas C, Matisoo-Smith EA, Waters JM. 2015. Geographically contrasting biodiversity reductions in a widespread New Zealand seabird. Molecular Ecology 18: 4605 - 4616."]}