Prevalence of, and risk factors for, dental sequelae in adolescents who underwent cancer therapy during childhood

Introduction: The increase in survival rates in children treated for cancer has been accompanied by a rise in sequelae in permanent teeth. The aim of the study was to correlate the type of cancer therapy administered to patients during early childhood and the dental sequelae recorded in survivors. Material and methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study carried out at the Children's University Hospital of Sant Joan de Déu in Barcelona, Spain. Hundred and nine patients who had received cancer treatment during early childhood were randomly examined and grouped according to diagnosis and cancer therapy received. The type of therapy was correlated with the number and severity of dental lesions that patients presented in adolescence. Results: Dental sequelae of some kind were present in 85.3% of patients. Microdontia was the most prevalent (52.3%). Treatment with alkylating agents had a relative risk of presenting moderate lesions of 3.36 (1.18-9.60), and one of 2.29 (1.07-4.91) of presenting severe lesions. Topoisomerase inhibitors and cytotoxic antibiotics presented relative risks of 1.6 (1.07-2.38) and 2.08 (1.02-4.26) of root alterations and agenesis, respectively. Conclusions: Treatment with alkylating agents together with cytotoxic antibiotics and topoisomerase inhibitors was associated with a higher relative risk of microdontia, agenesis, and root shortening.