Abdominal Obesity Is More Closely Associated With Diabetic Kidney Disease Than General Obesity

General and abdominal obesity are the major subtypes of obesity. Compared with general obesity, abdominal obesity was considered to be more closely associated with chronic diabetes complications, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetic retinopathy (1,2). Although the association between abdominal obesity and urinary albumin was reported in previous studies (3–5), whether abdominal obesity is more closely associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) than general obesity has not been reported yet. Two studies were carried out to investigate the association of general and abdominal obesity with DKD. Study A was a cross-sectional study. Body composition was assessed using DXA among 1,016 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). General obesity parameters, including BMI, total body fat percentage (TBF), and fat mass index (FMI), and abdominal obesity parameters, including waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), were measured. DKD is defined as chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3–5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]