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Loading mechanisms of the anterior cruciate ligament
- Source :
- Sports Biomech
- Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- This review identifies the three-dimensional knee loads that have the highest risk of injuring the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the athlete. It is the combination of the muscular resistance to a large knee flexion moment, an external reaction force generating knee compression, an internal tibial torque, and a knee abduction moment during a single-leg athletic manoeuvre such as landing from a jump, abruptly changing direction, or rapidly decelerating that results in the greatest ACL loads. While there is consensus that an anterior tibial shear force is the primary ACL loading mechanism, controversy exists regarding the secondary order of importance of transverse-plane and frontal-plane loading in ACL injury scenarios. Large knee compression forces combined with a posteriorly and inferiorly sloped tibial plateau, especially the lateral plateau-an important ACL injury risk factor-causes anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation, which increases ACL loading. Furthermore, while the ACL can fail under a single supramaximal loading cycle, recent evidence shows that it can also fail following repeated submaximal loading cycles due to microdamage accumulating in the ligament with each cycle. This challenges the existing dogma that non-contact ACL injuries are predominantly due to a single manoeuvre that catastrophically overloads the ACL.
- Subjects :
- musculoskeletal diseases
Knee Joint
Rotation
Anterior cruciate ligament
0206 medical engineering
Shear force
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
02 engineering and technology
Article
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
medicine
Cadaver
Humans
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Tibial rotation
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Orthodontics
Tibia
business.industry
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
030229 sport sciences
musculoskeletal system
Compression (physics)
medicine.disease
020601 biomedical engineering
ACL injury
Biomechanical Phenomena
surgical procedures, operative
medicine.anatomical_structure
Reaction
Ligament
Large knee
business
human activities
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 17526116
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Sports biomechanics
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....950540110c0544e041b735bc8db0e19d