Ambient air pollution exposure and radiographic pulmonary vascular volumes

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Background: Exposure to higher levels of ambient air pollution is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease but long-term effects of pollution exposure on the pulmonary vessels are unknown. Methods: Among 2428 Framingham Heart Study participants who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) between 2008 and 2011, pulmonary vascular volumes were calculated by image analysis, including the total vascular volume and small vessel volume (cross-sectional area