Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector was constructed and operated on the CERN Neutrino Platform. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the CERN management, and the CERN EP, BE, TE, EN and IT Departments for NP04/ProtoDUNE-SP. This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MŠMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundación “La Caixa”, Junta de Andalucía-FEDER, and MICINN, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TÜBİTAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, U.S.A. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of 7 × 6 × 7.2 m3. The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and high-purity particle identification. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation between 2018 and 2020 demonstrates the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. This paper describes the design, construction, assembly and operation of the detector components.
Fermi Research Alliance, LLC DE-AC02-07CH11359
H2020-EU
National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC02-05CH11231
Office of Science
Fermilab
H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
CERN
UK Research and Innovation
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Science and Technology Facilities Council
Royal Society
European Commission
Singapore Eye Research Institute
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
National Research Foundation of Korea
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
European Regional Development Fund
Junta de Andalucía
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules