Effect of a nonthermal-atmospheric pressure plasma jet on wound healing: An animal study

Background: The use of a nonthermal plasma (NTP) jet in the treatment of living tissue has been the subject of considerable interest in the field of medical technology, and has the potential to reduce the recovery time of open wounds. We aimed to investigate the wound-healing process by clinical observation, blood tests, and expression of cell adhesion markers and reactive oxygen species in NTP jet-treated rats. Methods: This study utilized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as experimental subjects, and wounds measuring 2 cm × 2 cm were produced on the animals' backs. The experimental group was treated with NTP for 5 min/d for 4 weeks. The NTP was injected in a diffused manner into the cage housing the rats. The SD rats that had not received plasma treatment were designated as the control group. Blood was drawn on Postoperative Day 2, Day 4, and at 3 months. An immunohistochemical stain of E-cadherin and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a reactive oxygen species marker, were evaluated and quantified for analysis using a CMYK color model. Results: A total of 35 SD rats were included in the study (25 in the NTP group and 10 in the control group). Low dose plasma treatment shortened the wound-healing time without damaging organs. In the NTP group, the white blood cell counts at Day 2 post-NTP treatment was not increased significantly more than that in the control group. After quantification of immunohistochemical staining, 4-HNE was increased at Day 14 compared with Day 7 (16.16 ± 12.81% vs. 55.11 ± 8.11%, p