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Short communication: Lack of immune response in rapid progressor morphine-dependent and SIV/SHIV-infected rhesus macaques is correlated with downregulation of TH1 cytokines

Authors :
Luis D. Giavedoni
Melween I. Martínez
Yashira García
Idia V. Rodríguez
Anil Kumar
Mridul Mukherji
Carlos A. Sariol
Vanessa Rivera-Amill
Edmundo Kraiselburd
Rakesh Kumar
Richard J. Noel
Marcus Iszard
Santosh Kumar
Source :
AIDS research and human retroviruses. 26(8)
Publication Year :
2010

Abstract

Our previous studies have shown two distinct disease patterns (rapid and normal onset of clinical symptoms) in morphine-dependent SHIV/SIV-inoculated rhesus macaques. We have also shown that control as well as 50% of morphine-dependent macaques (normal progressor) developed humoral and cellular immune responses whereas the other half of the morphine-dependent macaques (rapid progressor) did not develop antiviral immune responses after infection with SIV/SHIV. In the present study, we analyzed the association between cytokine production, immune response, and disease progression. To study the immunological effects of morphine at cytokine levels in the context of a lentiviral infection, we inoculated rhesus macaques with a mixture of SHIV(KU-18), SHIV(89.6)P, and SIV/17E-Fr. These animals were followed for a period of 56 weeks for cytokine level production in plasma. Drug-dependent rapid disease progressors exhibited an increase in IL-18 and IL-1Ra and a decrease in IL-12 levels in the plasma. Morphine-dependent normal progressors and control macaques exhibited an increase in both IL-18 and IL-12, whereas IL-Ra levels remained constant throughout the observation period. These results suggest that rapid disease progression in relation to morphine dependency may be the result of an altered cytokine profile.

Details

ISSN :
19318405
Volume :
26
Issue :
8
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....98afebe364835b90e0c866d0bbbd02e3