Molecular remission in adult T cell leukemia after autologous CD34+ peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

This report describes a patient with acute-type adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) successfully treated by autologous CD34+ peripheral blood stem cell transplantation after fractionated total body irradiation and high-dose cytarabine and cyclophosphamide. A newly established inverse polymerase chain reaction method was used to demonstrate the disappearance of ATLL clonal cells. The patient achieved a sustained molecular remission after transplantation, but died from opportunistic infection 4 months after transplantation. Thus, autologous CD34+ peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is promising for this type of malignancy. However, a prudent clinical attitude toward immunological fragility after transplantation is needed for better outcome.