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Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan

Authors :
Makoto Nishimura
Hisashi Mitsuishi
Jun Yasukata
Misaka Kimura
Yoshiko Aoki
Tsukasa Yoshida
Hiroyuki Sagayama
Yukako Hashii-Arishima
Akiko Uchizawa
Yosuke Yamada
Daiki Watanabe
Aya Itoi
Source :
Nutrients; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 4169, Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 4169, p 4169 (2021), Nutrients
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021.

Abstract

Water and energy are essential for the human body. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures water turnover (WT) and total energy expenditure (TEE), which serves as a benchmark for the adequate intake (AI) of water and estimated energy requirements (EER). The objective of the current study was to examine the association of WT and TEE with physical activity and body composition in Japanese preschool children. We included 41 preschool children (22 girls, 19 boys) aged 3–6 in this study. WT, TEE, and fat-free mass (FFM) were obtained using DLW. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer and categorized as light (LPA; 1.5–2.9 Metabolic equivalents, METs) and of moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA; ≥3.0 METs). Exercise duration (Ex) was defined as ≥4.0 METs of physical activity. WT and TEE moderately positively correlated with Ex, but not with LPA. WT moderately positively correlated with BW and FFM while TEE strongly. We established predictive equations for WT and TEE using body weight (BW), FFM, step count, and Ex to guide the AI of water and EER in Japanese preschool children. We found that FFM and step count are the determinants of TEE, and that BW and Ex are the determinants of WT in preschool children.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20726643
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Nutrients; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 4169
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....999b7dad12f92a6da0b3cd5e4cdf28f4
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114169