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Insights from single cell RNA sequencing Into the immunology of type 1 diabetes- cell phenotypes and antigen specificity
- Source :
- Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media, 2021.
-
Abstract
- In the past few years, huge advances have been made in techniques to analyse cells at an individual level using RNA sequencing, and many of these have precipitated exciting discoveries in the immunology of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This review will cover the first papers to use scRNAseq to characterise human lymphocyte phenotypes in T1D in the peripheral blood, pancreatic lymph nodes and islets. These have revealed specific genes such as IL-32 that are differentially expressed in islet –specific T cells in T1D. scRNAseq has also revealed wider gene expression patterns that are involved in T1D and can predict its development even predating autoantibody production. Single cell sequencing of TCRs has revealed V genes and CDR3 motifs that are commonly used to target islet autoantigens, although truly public TCRs remain elusive. Little is known about BCR repertoires in T1D, but scRNAseq approaches have revealed that insulin binding BCRs commonly use specific J genes, share motifs between donors and frequently demonstrate poly-reactivity. This review will also summarise new developments in scRNAseq technology, the insights they have given into other diseases and how they could be leveraged to advance research in the type 1 diabetes field to identify novel biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy.
- Subjects :
- lymphocytes
endocrine system diseases
type 1 diabetes
medicine.medical_treatment
Immunology
Cell
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
Review
Biology
TCR - T cell receptor
Gene expression
medicine
Immunology and Allergy
Animals
Humans
Antigens
Gene
Sequence Analysis, RNA
breakpoint cluster region
RNA
BCR - B cell receptor
scRNAseq
Immunotherapy
RC581-607
Phenotype
medicine.anatomical_structure
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Single cell sequencing
Disease Progression
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Single-Cell Analysis
Biomarkers
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16643224
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....999ea8dd62edd3ea494cbe95d420c1b7