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The Molecular Biology of Susceptibility to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Highlights of Epigenetics and Epigenomics
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 10743, p 10743 (2021), International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Exposure to trauma is one of the most important and prevalent risk factors for mental and physical ill-health. Excessive or prolonged stress exposure increases the risk of a wide variety of mental and physical symptoms. However, people differ strikingly in their susceptibility to develop signs and symptoms of mental illness after traumatic stress. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder affecting approximately 8% of the world’s population during their lifetime, and typically develops after exposure to a traumatic event. Despite that exposure to potentially traumatizing events occurs in a large proportion of the general population, about 80–90% of trauma-exposed individuals do not develop PTSD, suggesting an inter-individual difference in vulnerability to PTSD. While the biological mechanisms underlying this differential susceptibility are unknown, epigenetic changes have been proposed to underlie the relationship between exposure to traumatic stress and the susceptibility to develop PTSD. Epigenetic mechanisms refer to environmentally sensitive modifications to DNA and RNA molecules that regulate gene transcription without altering the genetic sequence itself. In this review, we provide an overview of various molecular biological, biochemical and physiological alterations in PTSD, focusing on changes at the genomic and epigenomic level. Finally, we will discuss how current knowledge may aid us in early detection and improved management of PTSD patients.
- Subjects :
- Epigenomics
INFRALIMBIC PREFRONTAL CORTEX
Review
NORADRENERGIC MECHANISMS
Bioinformatics
Epigenesis, Genetic
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
Risk Factors
HISTONE DEACETYLASES
Biology (General)
Spectroscopy
GENE-EXPRESSION
media_common
education.field_of_study
DNA methylation
PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS
neurobiology
Traumatic stress
PTSD
General Medicine
Computer Science Applications
Chemistry
trauma
Psychological resilience
QH301-705.5
media_common.quotation_subject
Population
Early detection
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
medicine
Humans
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Epigenetics
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
PTSD SYMPTOMS
education
resilience
Molecular Biology
QD1-999
epigenetics
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
Mental illness
medicine.disease
BENZODIAZEPINE-RECEPTOR-BINDING
traumatic stress
SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER
Gene-Environment Interaction
business
NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16616596 and 14220067
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 10743
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....9bb4636ff65337161b85796aedc590a3