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Multivariate multiple regression models of poly(ethylene-terephthalate) film degradation under outdoor and multi-stressor accelerated weathering exposures
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 12, p e0209016 (2018), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2018.
-
Abstract
- Developing materials for use in photovoltaic (PV) systems requires knowledge of their performance over the warranted lifetime of the PV system. Poly(ethylene-terephthalate) (PET) is a critical component of PV module backsheets due to its dielectric properties and low cost. However, PET is susceptible to environmental stressors and degrades over time. Changes in the physical properties of nine PET grades were modeled after outdoor and accelerated weathering exposures to characterize the degradation process of PET and assess the influence of stabilizing additives and weathering factors. Multivariate multiple regression (MMR) models were developed to quantify changes in color, gloss, and haze of the materials. Natural splines were used to capture the non-linear relationship between predictors and responses. Model performance was evaluated via adjusted-R2 and root mean squared error values from leave-one-out cross validation analysis. All models described over 85% of the variation in the data with low relative error. Model coefficients were used to assess the influence of weathering stressors and material additives on the property changes of films. Photodose was found to be the primary degradation stressor and moisture was found to increase the degradation rate of PET. Direct moisture contact was found to impose more stress on the material than airbone moisture (humidity). Increasing the concentration of TiO2 was found to generally decrease the degradation rate of PET and mitigate hydrolytic degradation. MMR models were compared to physics-based models and agreement was found between the two modeling approaches. Cross-correlation of accelerated exposures to outdoor exposures was achieved via determination of cross-correlation scale factors. Cross-correlation revealed that direct moisture contact is a key factor for reliable accelerated weathering testing and provided a quantitative method to determine when accelerated exposure results can be made more aggressive to better approximate outdoor exposure conditions.
- Subjects :
- Atmospheric Science
Multivariate statistics
Light
Polymers
02 engineering and technology
01 natural sciences
7. Clean energy
Random Allocation
010104 statistics & probability
Materials Testing
Longitudinal Studies
Materials
Multidisciplinary
Moisture
Optical Materials
Polyethylene Terephthalates
Hydrolysis
Physics
Chemical Reactions
Regression analysis
Activation Energy
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Chemistry
Macromolecules
Physical Sciences
Regression Analysis
Medicine
0210 nano-technology
Research Article
Ultraviolet radiation
Amorphous Solids
Science
Materials Science
Soil science
Weathering
Cross-validation
Meteorology
Electromagnetic radiation
Linear regression
0101 mathematics
Weather
Photolysis
Humidity
Models, Theoretical
Polymer Chemistry
Gloss (optics)
13. Climate action
Multivariate Analysis
Earth Sciences
Glass
Ultraviolet A
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....9ca11237c573a0eb69800a29bf7b1e5c