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Pro-inflammatory S100A9 Protein as a Robust Biomarker Differentiating Early Stages of Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease
- Source :
- ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 7:34-39
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- American Chemical Society (ACS), 2015.
-
Abstract
- Pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 was established as a biomarker of dementia progression and compared with others such as Aβ(1-42) and tau-proteins. CSF samples from 104 stringently diagnosed individuals divided into five subgroups were analyzed, including nondemented controls, stable mild cognitive impairment (SMCI), mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) patients. ELISA, dot-blotting, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used as research methods. The S100A9 and Aβ(1-42) levels correlated with each other: their CSF content decreased already at the SMCI stage and declined further under MCI-AD, AD, and VaD conditions. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed involvement of both Aβ(1-42) and S100A9 in the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade already during SMCI. Tau proteins were not yet altered in SMCI; however their contents increased during MCI-AD and AD, diagnosing later dementia stages. Thus, four biomarkers together, reflecting different underlying pathological causes, can accurately differentiate dementia progression and also distinguish AD from VaD.
- Subjects :
- Male
0301 basic medicine
Oncology
medicine.medical_specialty
Pathology
Amyloid
Physiology
Cognitive Neuroscience
Statistics as Topic
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
tau Proteins
Disease
Biochemistry
S100A9
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Alzheimer Disease
Internal medicine
mental disorders
medicine
Calgranulin B
Humans
Dementia
Vascular dementia
Pathological
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Amyloid beta-Peptides
Emergency Services, Psychiatric
Cell Biology
General Medicine
medicine.disease
Peptide Fragments
030104 developmental biology
Disease Progression
Biomarker (medicine)
Female
Alzheimer's disease
Cognition Disorders
Psychology
Biomarkers
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19487193
- Volume :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- ACS Chemical Neuroscience
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....9ea2c66c2a017da830c0955e433432f0