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Pregled mehaničkih svojstava smrznutih stijena
- Source :
- Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik, Volume 37, Issue 3
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering University of Zagreb, 2022.
-
Abstract
- The freezing technique has been employed for a long time to strengthen the mechanical properties of intact rock and rock mass; however, it has not received as much attention as it deserves. This paper thoroughly reviews the effect of freezing on the essential mechanical properties, including uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus. The laboratory tests include the determination of density, ultrasound speed propagation, and strength parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus. According to previously published results, the strength of different rocks such as marl, limestone, sandstone, tuff, granite, and marble increased significantly due to freezing when the samples were tested in frozen conditions. However, there is variation in strength increase based on rock type. It is outlined here that freezing increases rock strength by a factor of 4 in porous rock and by a factor of 1.8 in crystalline rock. Additionally, Young’s modulus increases with a decrease in temperature; however, a further decrease in temperature from -10 to -20 °C has no effect on Young’s modulus. Moreover, mathematical modelling for frozen rock has been reviewed comprehensively. It was found that porosity, the density of rock grains, density of water, residual unfrozen water content, minimum unfrozen water content at freezing point, material parameters, the initial temperature of rock, crystal size, orientation and alignment of minerals, and the loading rate are the most critical parameters that influence frozen rock strength.<br />Tehnika smrzavanja već se dugo koristi za jačanje mehaničkih svojstava netaknute stijene i stijenske mase. Međutim, nije dobila toliko pažnje koliko zaslužuje. Ovaj rad detaljno razmatra učinak smrzavanja na bitna mehanička svojstva, uključujući jednoosnu tlačnu čvrstoću, vlačnu čvrstoću i Youngov modul. Laboratorijski testovi uključuju određivanje gustoće, širenja ultrazvučne brzine i parametara čvrstoće kao što su jednoosna tlačna čvrstoća, vlačna čvrstoća i Youngov modul. Sukladno ranije objavljenim rezultatima, čvrstoća različitih stijena poput lapora, vapnenca, pješčenjaka, tufa, granita i mramora znatno je porasla zbog smrzavanja, kada su uzorci ispitani u smrznutim uvjetima. Međutim, postoje razlike u povećanju čvrstoće ovisno o vrsti stijene. Ovdje je istaknuto da smrzavanje povećava čvrstoću stijene za faktor 4 u poroznoj stijeni i za faktor 1,8 u kristalinskoj stijeni. Dodatno, Youngov modul uglavnom raste sa sniženjem temperature, dok daljnji pad temperature s -10 na -20 °C nema utjecaja na Youngov modul. Štoviše, matematičkim modeliranjem smrznute stijene utvrđeno je da poroznost, gustoća zrna stijene, gustoća vode, rezidualni sadržaj nesmrznute vode, minimalni sadržaj nesmrznute vode na točki smrzavanja, parametri materijala, početna temperatura stijene, veličina kristala, orijentacija i poravnanje minerala te brzina opterećenja predstavljaju najkritičnije parametre koji utječu na čvrstoću smrznute stijene.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 18490409 and 03534529
- Volume :
- 37
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....9f7437206ead60a75be382d51e7f8b69