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Parkinson's disease and the gastrointestinal microbiome
- Source :
- Journal of neurology. 267(9)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Recently, there has been a surge in awareness of the gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) and its role in health and disease. Of particular note is an association between the GM and Parkinson's disease (PD) and the realisation that the GM can act via a complex bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Compelling evidence suggests that a shift in GM composition may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD by facilitating the characteristic ascending neurodegenerative spread of α-synuclein aggregates from the enteric nervous system to the brain. Here, we review evidence linking GM changes with PD, highlighting mechanisms supportive of pathological α-synuclein spread and intestinal inflammation in PD. We summarise existing patterns and correlations seen in clinical studies of the GM in PD, together with the impacts of non-motor symptoms, medications, lifestyle, diet and ageing on the GM. Roles of GM modulating therapies including probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation are discussed. Encouragingly, alterations in the GM have repeatedly been observed in PD, supporting a biological link and highlighting it as a potential therapeutic target.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
Parkinson's disease
Neurology
Disease
Enteric Nervous System
Pathogenesis
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
medicine
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
Pathological
Inflammation
business.industry
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Parkinson Disease
medicine.disease
Biomarker (cell)
Immunology
alpha-Synuclein
Enteric nervous system
Neurology (clinical)
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14321459
- Volume :
- 267
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of neurology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a0eb24fe0980eaa91469981b949ccc7a