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Recent Molecular Mechanisms and Beneficial Effects of Phytochemicals and Plant-Based Whole Foods in Reducing LDL-C and Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
- Source :
- Antioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 784, p 784 (2021), Antioxidants
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Abnormal lipid metabolism leads to the development of hyperlipidemia, a common cause of multiple chronic disorders, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disease. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) currently remains the primary target for treatment of hyperlipidemia. Despite the advancement of treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, medications used to manage hyperlipidemia are limited to allopathic drugs, which present certain limitations and adverse effects. Increasing evidence indicates that utilization of phytochemicals and plant-based whole foods is an alternative and promising strategy to prevent hyperlipidemia and CVD. The current review focuses on phytochemicals and their pharmacological mode of actions for the regulation of LDL-C and prevention of CVD. The important molecular mechanisms illustrated in detail in this review include elevation of reverse cholesterol transport, inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption, acceleration of cholesterol excretion in the liver, and reduction of cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, the beneficial effects of plant-based whole foods, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, dried nuts, flax seeds, whole grains, peas, beans, vegan diets, and dietary fibers in LDL-C reduction and cardiovascular health are summarized. This review concludes that phytochemicals and plant-based whole foods can reduce LDL-C levels and lower the risk for CVD.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Physiology
Clinical Biochemistry
Review
RM1-950
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Pharmacology
Biochemistry
LDL
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Lipid oxidation
lipid oxidation
Diabetes mellitus
Hyperlipidemia
medicine
hyperlipidemia
cardiovascular diseases
Molecular Biology
business.industry
Cholesterol
Reverse cholesterol transport
food and beverages
cholesterol
Vegan Diet
Cell Biology
medicine.disease
CVD
dietary fiber
Obesity
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
Intestinal cholesterol absorption
lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Therapeutics. Pharmacology
business
plant-based foods
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20763921
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 784
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Antioxidants
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a145345d5c876eb38ce5857c92c6a7e8