Effects of nanoparticles on the biodegradation of organic materials

For the past two centuries, the range of synthesized organic compounds have increased excessively including raw materials, plastics, fuels, detergents, and other useful substances. However, pollution and other hazards have resulted from the production of these compounds as well as remaining in the environment after usage, which is a serious concern. There are plenty of categories of organic compounds that could be considered as the main issues in the current era, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, dechlorane plus, and decabromodiphenyl ethane. Polychlorinated biphenyls could be found in the capacitors, transformers, and electric fluids. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, dechlorane plus, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane are known as fire retardant in many industries like fabrics and polymers. In fact, three various sources are known to be responsible as being the most polluting in industries including military wastes, industrial activities, and agriculture chemical materials. On the other hand, petroleum products, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, dioxins, most of the chloro-derivatives of acetic acids, phosphate derivatives, carbamates, organometallic compounds, and the most highlighted one, plastics or other degradable resistant polymers. Furthermore, the importance of pesticides and fertilizers in modern agriculture are well-known for everyone. Agrochemical compounds save the crop production from being lost for 70% during production and storage steps. The other sources of the organic pollutant compounds such as fuels in vehicles as well as urban and industrial wastes are more familiar than any demands for definition. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.