Advances in Mechanisms and Omics Pertaining to Fruit Cracking in Horticultural Plants

Fruit cracking is a physiological disease that occurs during fruit development, which limits the quality and marketability of the fruit and causes great economic losses. Fruit cracking is affected by physiological, genetic and environmental factors. In this paper, the mechanism of fruit cracking was elaborated from cutin and cell wall, especially the gene families related to cell wall metabolism, including the polygalacturonase (PG) gene family, xylologlucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene family and expansin gene family. In addition, due to the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, an increasing number of horticultural plants have completed genome sequencing. This paper expounds the application of omics, including transcriptome, proteome, metabolomics and integrative omics in fruit cracking. The measures to reduce fruit cracking include using plastic rain covers and bagging, and spraying mineral and plant growth regulators. In this paper, the mechanisms of fruit cracking are reviewed at the molecular level, and the problems needing to be solved in fruit cracking research are put forward.