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Type I Hypersensitivity in Ferrets Following Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Inoculum: Lessons Learned
- Source :
- ILAR Journal
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Oxford University Press (OUP), 2021.
-
Abstract
- This case report discusses Type I hypersensitivity in ferrets following exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inoculum, observed during a study investigating the efficacy of candidate COVID-19 vaccines. Following a comprehensive internal root-cause investigation, it was hypothesized that prior prime-boost immunization of ferrets with a commercial canine C3 vaccine to protect against the canine distemper virus had resulted in primary immune response to fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the C3 preparation. Upon intranasal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus cultured in medium containing FBS, an allergic airway response occurred in 6 out of 56 of the ferrets. The 6 impacted ferrets were randomly dispersed across study groups, including different COVID-19 vaccine candidates, routes of vaccine candidate administration, and controls (placebo). The root-cause investigation and subsequent analysis determined that the allergic reaction was unrelated to the COVID-19 vaccine candidates under evaluation. Histological assessment suggested that the allergic response was characterized by eosinophilic airway disease; increased serum immunoglobulin levels reactive to FBS further suggested this response was caused by immune priming to FBS present in the C3 vaccine. This was further supported by in vivo studies demonstrating ferrets administered diluted FBS also presented clinical signs consistent with a hyperallergic response, while clinical signs were absent in ferrets that received a serum-free SARS-CoV-2 inoculum. It is therefore recommended that vaccine studies in higher order animals should consider the impact of welfare vaccination and use serum-free inoculum whenever possible.
- Subjects :
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate
0301 basic medicine
Allergy
COVID-19 Vaccines
Review
medicine.disease_cause
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Virus
03 medical and health sciences
Dogs
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Animals
Medicine
fetal bovine serum
SARS-CoV-2
business.industry
Canine distemper
Ferrets
COVID-19
Viral Vaccines
General Medicine
vaccines
respiratory system
AcademicSubjects/SCI01290
allergy
medicine.disease
Vaccination
030104 developmental biology
Immunization
Immunology
Allergic response
Animal Science and Zoology
hypersensitivity
business
030215 immunology
Type I hypersensitivity
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19306180 and 10842020
- Volume :
- 62
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- ILAR Journal
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a5dc2984b40b17ef5be53e691f8e0a2d
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilab019