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Paternal origin of Tungusic-speaking populations: Insights from the updated phylogenetic tree of Y-chromosome haplogroup C2a-M86
- Source :
- American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology CouncilREFERENCES. 33(2)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Objectives Haplogroup C2a-M48 is the predominant paternal lineage of Tungusic-speaking populations, one of the largest population groups in Siberia. Up until now, the origins and dispersal of Tungusic-speaking populations have remained unclear. In this study, the demographic history of Tungusic-speaking populations was explored using the phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup C2a-M86, the major subbranch of C2a-M48. Materials and methods In total, 18 newly generated Y chromosome sequences from C2a-M48 males and 20 previously available Y-chromosome sequences from this haplogroup were analyzed. A highly revised phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C2a-M86 with age estimates was reconstructed. Frequencies of this lineage in the literature were collected and a comprehensive analysis of this lineage in 13 022 individuals from 245 populations in Eurasia was performed. Results The distribution map of C2a-M48 indicated the most probable area of origin and diffusion route of this paternal lineage in North Eurasia. Most C2a-M86 samples from Tungusic-speaking populations belonged to the sublineage C2a-F5484, which emerged about 3300 years ago. We identified six unique sublineages corresponding to the Manchu, Evenks, Evens, Oroqen, and Daurpopulations; these sublineages diverged gradually over the past 1900 years. Notably, we observed a clear north-south dichotomous structure for sublineages derived from C2a-F5484, consistent with the internal north-south divergence of Tungusic languages and ethnic groups. Conclusions We identified the important founding paternal haplogroup, C2a-F5484, for Tungusic-speaking populations as well as numerous unique subgroups of this haplogroup. We propose that the timeframe for the divergence of C2a-F5484 corresponds with the early differentiation of ancestral Tungusic-speaking populations.
- Subjects :
- Male
Demographic history
Lineage (evolution)
Human Migration
Population
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Biology
Y chromosome
Haplogroup
Divergence
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Genetics
Ethnicity
Humans
0601 history and archaeology
education
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Phylogeny
education.field_of_study
060101 anthropology
Chromosomes, Human, Y
Phylogenetic tree
06 humanities and the arts
Siberia
Haplotypes
Evolutionary biology
Anthropology
Biological dispersal
Anatomy
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15206300
- Volume :
- 33
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology CouncilREFERENCES
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a645893c2900a98601925e53596674da