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Stem cells, progenitors and myelin repair
- Source :
- Journal of Anatomy. 207:251-258
- Publication Year :
- 2005
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2005.
-
Abstract
- Remyelination, the process by which new myelin sheaths are restored to demyelinated axons, represents one of the most compelling examples of adult multipotent progenitor cells contributing to regeneration of the injured central nervous system (CNS). This process can occur with remarkable efficiency in both clinical disease, such as multiple sclerosis, and in experimental models, revealing an impressive ability of the adult CNS to repair itself. However, the inconsistency of remyelination in multiple sclerosis, and the loss of axonal integrity that results from its failure, makes enhancement of remyelination an important therapeutic objective. Identifying potential targets will depend on a detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of remyelination. In this article we address two important issues. First, we consider the nature of the cell or cells that respond to demyelination and generate new oligodendrocytes, identifying current areas of uncertainty and addressing the role of adult CNS stem and progenitor cells. Second, we discuss the concept of adult progenitor activation following demyelination, focusing on the increased expression of (1) olig transcription factors, (2) bone morphogenetic proteins and (3) fyn, a member of the src-family of tyrosine kinases.
- Subjects :
- Histology
Review
Biology
Myelin
FYN
medicine
Humans
Remyelination
Progenitor cell
Molecular Biology
Myelin Sheath
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Cell Proliferation
Progenitor
Multipotent Stem Cells
Multiple sclerosis
Regeneration (biology)
Cell Biology
medicine.disease
Nerve Regeneration
Oligodendroglia
medicine.anatomical_structure
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
Immunology
Anatomy
Stem cell
Neuroscience
Demyelinating Diseases
Developmental Biology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14697580 and 00218782
- Volume :
- 207
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Anatomy
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a6903c5f9c6f6fa62a157dd632f2d83d