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Gut Microbiota at the Intersection of Alcohol, Brain, and the Liver
- Source :
- Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 541, p 541 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Over the last decade, increased research into the cognizance of the gut–liver–brain axis in medicine has yielded powerful evidence suggesting a strong association between alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) and the brain, including hepatic encephalopathy or other similar brain disorders. In the gut–brain axis, chronic, alcohol-drinking-induced, low-grade systemic inflammation is suggested to be the main pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunctions in patients with ALD. However, the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites have remained unclear. Eubiosis of the gut microbiome is crucial as dysbiosis between autochthonous bacteria and pathobionts leads to intestinal insult, liver injury, and neuroinflammation. Restoring dysbiosis using modulating factors such as alcohol abstinence, promoting commensal bacterial abundance, maintaining short-chain fatty acids in the gut, or vagus nerve stimulation could be beneficial in alleviating disease progression. In this review, we summarize the pathogenic mechanisms linked with the gut–liver–brain axis in the development and progression of brain disorders associated with ALD in both experimental models and humans. Further, we discuss the therapeutic potential and future research directions as they relate to the gut–liver–brain axis.
- Subjects :
- Alcoholic liver disease
gut–liver–brain axis
medicine.medical_treatment
lcsh:Medicine
Review
Gut flora
Systemic inflammation
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
medicine
Hepatic encephalopathy
Neuroinflammation
bacterial metabolites
030304 developmental biology
Liver injury
0303 health sciences
biology
business.industry
alcohol
lcsh:R
General Medicine
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Immunology
030211 gastroenterology & hepatology
medicine.symptom
business
Dysbiosis
Vagus nerve stimulation
alcoholic liver disease
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20770383
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of clinical medicine
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a6c67e27a77e66604f4a6d603bf05a71