WNT7B Regulates Cholangiocyte Proliferation and Function During Murine Cholestasis

We previously identified an up‐regulation of specific Wnt proteins in the cholangiocyte compartment during cholestatic liver injury and found that mice lacking Wnt secretion from hepatocytes and cholangiocytes showed fewer proliferating cholangiocytes and high mortality in response to a 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet, a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis. In vitro studies demonstrated that Wnt7b, one of the Wnts up‐regulated during cholestasis, induces proliferation of cholangiocytes in an autocrine manner and increases secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that loss of Wnt7b may exacerbate some of the complications of cholangiopathies by decreasing the ability of bile ducts to induce repair. Wnt7b‐flox mice were bred with Krt19‐cre mice to deplete Wnt7b expression in only cholangiocytes (CC) or with albumin‐Cre mice to delete Wnt7b expression in both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes (HC + CC). These mice were placed on a DDC diet for 1 month then killed for evaluation. Contrary to our expectations, we found that mice lacking Wnt7b from CC and HC + CC compartments had improved biliary injury, decreased cellular senescence, and lesser bile acid accumulation after DDC exposure compared to controls, along with decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Although Wnt7b knockout (KO) resulted in fewer proliferating cholangiocytes, CC and HC + CC KO mice on a DDC diet also had more hepatocytes expressing cholangiocyte markers compared to wild‐type mice on a DDC diet, indicating that Wnt7b suppression promotes hepatocyte reprogramming. Conclusion: Wnt7b induces a proproliferative proinflammatory program in cholangiocytes, and its loss is compensated for by conversion of hepatocytes to a biliary phenotype during cholestatic injury.
Wnt7b has previously been shown to be upregulated in mouse models of cholestatic liver injury. Here, we delete Wnt7b from either cholangiocytes alone, or from both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, and find that cholangiocyte proliferation is impaired after 5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) treatment. The decreased regeneration of the biliary compartment is compensated for by conversion of hepatocytes to a biliary phenotype, resulting in decreased biliary injury.