Development and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Novel Primary Wheat-Rye 1RS.1BL Translocation Lines from Multiple Rye Sources with Resistance to Stripe Rust

Stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is one of the most severe diseases for wheat production. An important method to improve the stripe rust resistance of wheat is to introduce resistance genes from related species into the wheat genome. The 1RS.1BL wheat–rye translocation from Petkus rye has contributed substantially to wheat resistance breeding worldwide. However, given the breakdown of the stripe rust resistance gene Yr9 in 1RS, its importance for wheat improvement has decreased. In this study, we developed 166 new primary 1RS.1BL translocation lines by crossing rye varieties Weining, Baili, and Aigan with several wheat cultivars. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses indicated that all of these lines contained a pair of intact 1RS.1BL translocation chromosomes. The stripe rust resistance of these translocation lines and their wheat parents was evaluated in southwestern China during the severe stripe rust epidemics in 2015 and 2021. The results showed diverse effects of the 1RS.1BL translocations from different rye cultivars on resistance to stripe rust. The highest genetic diversity was observed in 1RS.1BL translocations derived from diverse rye varieties but in the same wheat background. The development of diverse 1RS.1BL translocation lines offers ample opportunities to introduce new variations into wheat for improving stripe rust resistance. Finally, 71 new translocation lines, including nine developed from the cross of MY11 × Aigan, four from MY11 × Baili, 40 from MY11 × Weining, 14 from A42912 × Baili, and four from A42912 × Weining. These lines showed consistent resistance to stripe rust in fields under frequent changes of the pathogen races and could be useful genetic stocks for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to stripe rust.