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New avenues for regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormones and analogs
- Source :
- Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 5 (2014)
- Publication Year :
- 2014
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media S.A., 2014.
-
Abstract
- Weight loss due to negative energy balance is a goal in counteracting obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The thyroid is known to be an important regulator of energy metabolism through the action of thyroid hormones (THs). The classic, active TH, 3,5,3’-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) acts predominantly by binding to nuclear receptors termed TH receptors (TRs), that recognize TH response elements (TREs) on the DNA, and so regulate transcription. T3 also acts through non-genomic pathways that do not necessarily involve TRs. Lipid-lowering therapies have been suggested to have potential benefits, however, the establishment of comprehensive therapeutic strategies is still awaited. One drawback of using T3 in counteracting obesity has been the occurrence of heart rhythm disturbances. These are mediated through one TR, termed TR alpha. The end of the previous century saw the exploration of TH mimetics that specifically bind to TR beta in order to prevent cardiac disturbances, and TH derivatives such as 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2), that possess interesting biological activities. Several TH derivatives and functional analogs have low affinity for the TRs, and are suggested to act predominantly through non-genomic pathways. All this has opened new perspectives in thyroid physiology and TH derivative usage as anti-obesity therapies. This review addresses the pros and cons of these compounds, in light of their effects on energy balance regulation and on lipid/cholesterol metabolism.
- Subjects :
- thyroid hormones
medicine.medical_specialty
obesity
lcsh:QP1-981
Physiology
Thyroid
Regulator
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Lipid metabolism
Biology
energy balance
lcsh:Physiology
Mini Review Article
Endocrinology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Nuclear receptor
Transcription (biology)
insulin resistance development
Physiology (medical)
Thyroid hormones
Internal medicine
lipid metabolism
medicine
Receptor
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1664042X
- Volume :
- 5
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Physiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a88a97b51e6207994c732d82187e1d11