A dedicated robust instrument for water vapor generation at low humidity for use with a laser water isotope analyzer in cold and dry polar regions

Obtaining precise continuous measurements of water vapor isotopic composition in dry places (polar or high-altitude regions) is an important challenge. The current limitation is the strong influence of humidity on the measured water isotopic composition by laser spectroscopy instruments for low humidity levels (below 3000 ppmv). This problem is addressed by determining the relationships between humidity and measured δ18O and δD of known water standards. Here, we present the development of a robust field instrument able to generate water vapor, down to 70 ppmv, at very stable humidity levels (average 1σ lower than 10 ppmv). This instrument, operated by a Raspberry interface, can be coupled to a commercial laser spectroscopy instrument. We checked the stability of the system as well as its accuracy when expressing the measured isotopic composition of water vapor on the VSMOW–SLAP (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water – Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) scale. It proved to be highly stable during autonomous operation over more than 1 year at the East Antarctic Concordia and Dumont d'Urville stations.