Variability and Seasonal Change of Urinary Selenium, Molybdenum, and Iodine Excretion in Healthy Young Japanese Adults

Selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and iodine (I) are essential trace elements or nutrients and their adequate intake is essential for human health. These elements in foods are easily absorbed from the digestive tract and excreted predominantly into the urine, and their nutritional status is reflected in urinary excretion; however, information on the variability of urinary excretion is limited. To characterize the urinary Se, Mo, and I concentrations and their intra- and inter-individual coefficients of variation (CV), correlation, and seasonal change, spot urine samples were collected from 24 healthy university students, 10 males and 14 females, with the mean age of 20.6 years, for 10 consecutive days in each of the four seasons according to a defined schedule of an interval of 3 months throughout 1 year. The median Se, Mo, and I concentrations for all urine samples (n = 947) were 52.8, 127.0, and 223 μg/L, respectively. The Se and Mo intakes were highest in summer and lowest in spring, while the I intake was highest in autumn and lowest in summer. In all three elements, the intra-individual CVs were smaller than their inter-individual CVs. The log-transformed intra- and inter-individual CVs were 10.5 and 14.7% for Se, 12.3 and 15.1% for Mo, and 15.5 and 18.1% for I. There was no gender difference in Se and I concentrations, while Mo and Mo/Cr values in males were higher than those in females. Our results suggest adequate nutritional status of Se, Mo, and I with a relatively smaller variability of dietary intake except for I in this population.