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Neuroprotective effect of oral S/B remedy (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium Willd) on iron-induced neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat brain
- Source :
- Journal of ethnopharmacology. 134(3)
- Publication Year :
- 2010
-
Abstract
- Aim of the study S/B remedy prepared from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium Willd, two herbals of Xiao-Tsai-Hu-Tang or Sho-Saiko-To (TJ-9), contains active flavonoids. In this study, the protective effect of S/B remedy on iron-induced neurodegeneration was investigated in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat brain. Materials and methods The antioxidative activity of S/B remedy was studied using brain homogenates incubated with ferrous citrate (iron, 1 M), S/B remedy, Trolox and melatonin. Furthermore, a Parkinsonian animal model by an intranigral infusion of iron in the anesthetized rats was employed to investigate the protective effect of S/B remedy in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Results Our in vitro studies showed that S/B remedy was more potent than melatonin and equal to trolox in inhibiting iron-induced lipid peroxidation of brain homogenates. Our in vivo studies found that oral administration of S/B remedy dose-dependently attenuated iron-elevated lipid peroxidation in the infused substantia nigra (SN) and iron-depleted dopamine levels in the ipsilateral striatum. Furthermore, iron-induced reductions in glutathione (GSH) content and increases in GSSG (oxidized GSH)/GSH ratio in the infused SN were inhibited in S/B remedy-treated rats. Systemic S/B remedy attenuated the iron-induced increases in heme-oxygenase-1 levels and α-synuclein aggregation in the infused SN. Moreover, S/B remedy reduced iron-induced apoptosis via attenuating mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, S/B remedy was anti-inflammatory as indicated by the attenuation of iron-induced elevations in inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase II levels as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (a biological marker of astrocytes) and ED-1 (a protein indicative of activated microglia) levels in the infused SN of S/B remedy-treated rats. Conclusions These findings suggest that oral administration of S/B remedy is protective against iron-induced neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat brain. Therefore, S/B remedy may be therapeutically useful for the treatment of CNS neurodegenerative diseases.
- Subjects :
- Male
Dopamine
Iron
Substantia nigra
Apoptosis
Pharmacology
Neuroprotection
Antioxidants
Lipid peroxidation
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemistry.chemical_compound
Drug Discovery
medicine
Electrochemistry
Animals
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Ferrous citrate
biology
Traditional medicine
Plant Extracts
Dopaminergic
biology.organism_classification
Corpus Striatum
Bupleurum
Rats
Substantia Nigra
Oxidative Stress
Neuroprotective Agents
Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemistry
Scutellaria baicalensis
Trolox
Lipid Peroxidation
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 18727573
- Volume :
- 134
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ab32a69ab0101f7f9c7e3f0084035068